This everything we saw previously. However, such characteristics not yet touch the center of the question. In other words, it seems us that these aspects are much more serious consequences of a deeper problem. In the present chapter we will look for to investigate such problem. The first speech is initiated by Rousseau with a compliment to sciences and the arts in its progressos and light, however, shortly afterwards ' ' tom' ' dumb, a critical speech sprouts strong. Which the reason of this method? Which would be the reason of Rousseau to initiate its speech with a rhetoric unprovided of really? Leaving of the dichotomy to be? to seem, we can understand that the citizen of Geneva makes use of ' ' armas' ' of the society it stops for in evidence the wealth and malezas of the same one, that is, as well as the civilization, the society nails virtues without being virtuous; Rousseau praises to criticize. Starobinski in its Rousseau workmanship: The Transparency and the Obstacle comment: ' ' the speech on Sciences and the Arts starts pompously for a compliment of the culture. Noble phrases if unfold, describing in summary the entire history of the progress of the lights.

But a sudden overturn in them puts in presence of the discord of the being and seeming (). Beautiful effect of rhetoric: one has touched of varinha magical inverts the values, and the shining image that more than a lying scene ' ' (STAROBINSKI, 1991, P. 15). The lie and the appearance are component of the civilization, therefore it is a fertile and propitious land for the development of sciences and the arts, the refinement, of polidez or as it explains N.J.H. Dent in its Rousseau Dictionary: ' ' for civilization it understands (Rousseau), in a way not very clear-cut, the growth of the arts and the letters; the introduction in ways and forms to dress refined, social customs elaborated; the development of great cities as centers where much people enjoy of the cio and, therefore, of the personal and social diversions that this makes possible and exige' ' (DENT, 1991, P.